以(yi)下就(jiu)是當今市場用雙頭激光鉆孔(kong)系統的三種主要類(lei)型:
1) 雙頭紫外線鉆(zhan)孔系統(tong);
2) 雙頭(tou)CO2激光(guang)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)系統(tong);
3) 棍合激光鉆(zhan)孔系統( CO2和紫外線)。
所有這些(xie)類型的鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)系統(tong)都有其自(zi)身的優點(dian)和缺(que)點(dian)。激光鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)系統(tong)可以簡單(dan)地(di)分成兩種類型,雙(shuang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)單(dan)一(yi)波長(chang)系統(tong)和雙(shuang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)雙(shuang)波長(chang)系統(tong)。
不論是哪種類型,都有(you)兩個主要部分影響(xiang)鉆孔的能(neng)力:
1 )激(ji)光能量/脈沖(chong)能量; 2) 光束定位系統(tong)。
激光(guang)(guang)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)能(neng)量和光(guang)(guang)束(shu)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)遞(di)效率決定了(le)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)時(shi)間(jian),鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)時(shi)間(jian)是指(zhi)激光(guang)(guang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)一個微通孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian),光(guang)(guang)束(shu)定位(wei)系統(tong)決定了(le)在(zai)兩(liang)個孔(kong)(kong)之間(jian)移動的(de)(de)速(su)度。這些(xie)因素(su)共同決定了(le)激光(guang)(guang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)制作(zuo)給(gei)定要求的(de)(de)微通孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)速(su)度。雙(shuang)頭紫外(wai)線激光(guang)(guang)系統(tong)最適于用在(zai)集成電(dian)路(lu)中小(xiao)于90μm 的(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong),同時(shi)其(qi)縱橫比也很(hen)高。
雙頭CO2激光系統使(shi)用的是調(diao)Q射頻激勵CO2激光器。這(zhe)種(zhong)系統的主要優點是可重(zhong)復率(lv)高(達到了100kHz) 、鉆孔(kong)時(shi)間短、操作面寬,只需要射很少幾下(xia)就可以鉆一個(ge)盲(mang)孔(kong),但是其鉆孔(kong)質量會比較低。
使用(yong)(yong)Z普遍(bian)的(de)(de)(de)雙頭激光鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)系統(tong)是混合(he)激光鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)系統(tong),它由(you)一(yi)個(ge)紫外(wai)(wai)線激光頭和(he)(he)一(yi)個(ge)CO2 激光頭組成(cheng)。這種綜合(he)運用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)混合(he)激光鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)方法可(ke)以便銅和(he)(he)電介質的(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)同時進(jin)行。即(ji)用(yong)(yong)紫外(wai)(wai)線鉆(zhan)銅,生成(cheng)所需要孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸和(he)(he)形狀,緊接(jie)著用(yong)(yong)CO 2 激光鉆(zhan)無遮蓋的(de)(de)(de)電介質。鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)過程是通過鉆(zhan)2in X 2in 的(de)(de)(de)塊完(wan)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),此塊叫(jiao)做域。
CO2 激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)有(you)效地除(chu)去電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi),甚至(zhi)是非均(jun)勻玻璃(li)增(zeng)(zeng)強電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)。然而,單(dan)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CO2 激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)不(bu)能制(zhi)作小孔(kong)(kong)(小于75μm) 和(he)(he)除(chu)去銅(tong)(tong)(tong),也有(you)少數(shu)例外(wai),那就是它可(ke)以(yi)(yi)除(chu)去經過(guo)預先處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5μm 以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箔(bo)(lustino , 2002) 。紫外(wai)線(xian)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)能夠制(zhi)作非常小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong),且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)除(chu)去所有(you)普(pu)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)街(jie)(3 - 36μm , 1oz ,甚至(zhi)電(dian)鍍銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箔(bo))。紫外(wai)線(xian)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)單(dan)獨除(chu)去電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)材料(liao)(liao),只是速度(du)較慢。而且,對于非均(jun)勻材料(liao)(liao),例如增(zeng)(zeng)強玻璃(li)FR -4,效果通常不(bu)好。這(zhe)是因(yin)為只有(you)能量密(mi)度(du)提高到一定(ding)程(cheng)度(du),才可(ke)以(yi)(yi)除(chu)去玻璃(li),而這(zhe)樣也會破壞內層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)盤。由于棍合激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)系統包括紫外(wai)線(xian)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)和(he)(he)CO 2 激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang),因(yin)此其在兩個(ge)領(ling)域內都(dou)能達到Z佳(jia),用紫外(wai)線(xian)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)完成所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箔(bo)和(he)(he)小孔(kong)(kong),用CO 2 激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)快速地對電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)。圖給出了(le)可(ke)編程(cheng)鉆(zhan)(zhan)距(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙頭激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構圖,兩個(ge)鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間距(ju)可(ke)根據(ju)元器件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布局自行調整,這(zhe)保證了(le)Z大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)能力。
現(xian)在,大多數雙頭(tou)(tou)激(ji)光(guang)鉆孔系(xi)統中兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)鉆頭(tou)(tou)之間(jian)的(de)(de)間(jian)距都(dou)是(shi)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de),同(tong)時具有步(bu)進-重復光(guang)束定(ding)(ding)(ding)位技術。步(bu)進,重復激(ji)光(guang)遠程(cheng)調節器(qi)本身的(de)(de)優點(dian)(dian)是(shi)域(yu)的(de)(de)調節范圍大(達到了(le)(50 X 50)μm) 。缺點(dian)(dian)是(shi)激(ji)光(guang)遠程(cheng)調節器(qi)必須在固定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)域(yu)內步(bu)進移(yi)動(dong),而且兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)鉆頭(tou)(tou)之間(jian)的(de)(de)間(jian)距是(shi)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)。典型的(de)(de)雙頭(tou)(tou)激(ji)光(guang)遠程(cheng)調節器(qi)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)鉆頭(tou)(tou)之間(jian)的(de)(de)距離(li)是(shi)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(大約為(wei)150μm) 。對于(yu)不同(tong)的(de)(de)面(mian)板尺寸,固定(ding)(ding)(ding)距離(li)的(de)(de)鉆頭(tou)(tou)不能像可編程(cheng)間(jian)距的(de)(de)鉆頭(tou)(tou)那樣(yang)以(yi)z佳配置完成操作。
如今,雙頭激(ji)光(guang)鉆(zhan)孔系統有著各(ge)種不同規(gui)格的性能,既(ji)能夠適(shi)用于小(xiao)型印制(zhi)電路板制(zhi)造(zao)廠商(shang),同時(shi)也適(shi)用于大批(pi)量(liang)生產(chan)的印制(zhi)電路板制(zhi)造(zao)廠商(shang)。
由于陶瓷氧(yang)化(hua)鋁有(you)很高(gao)的(de)(de)介質常數,因(yin)此用(yong)(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)印制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)板(ban)。然而,由于其易碎、布(bu)線和(he)裝配時(shi)所需的(de)(de)鉆孔(kong)(kong)過程用(yong)(yong)(yong)標準工具(ju)就很難完成(cheng),因(yin)為(wei)此時(shi)機械(xie)壓力必須減小到(dao)最小,這對激光(guang)(guang)鉆孔(kong)(kong)卻是(shi)一件(jian)好事。Rangel 等人(ren)( 1997) 證明對于氧(yang)化(hua)鋁基板(ban)以及覆(fu)有(you)金和(he)錨的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)鋁基板(ban),可使用(yong)(yong)(yong)調QNd: YAG 激光(guang)(guang)器(qi)進(jin)行鉆孔(kong)(kong)。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)短脈沖、低能(neng)量、高(gao)峰值功率的(de)(de)激光(guang)(guang)器(qi)有(you)助(zhu)于避免機械(xie)壓力對樣本(ben)的(de)(de)破壞,能(neng)夠制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)出(chu)孔(kong)(kong)徑小于100μm 的(de)(de)優質通孔(kong)(kong)。這種技術成(cheng)功地(di)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)在低噪聲(sheng)微波放大器(qi)中,其頻率范圍為(wei)8 - 18GHz。
Nd:YAG激光(guang)技術(shu)在很多種材料(liao)上(shang)進(jin)行徽盲孔與通(tong)孔的(de)(de)加工。其(qi)中在聚酰亞胺覆(fu)銅(tong)箔(bo)層(ceng)壓(ya)(ya)板上(shang)鉆導通(tong)孔,最(zui)小孔徑(jing)(jing)是25微(wei)米。從(cong)制作成(cheng)本分析,Z經濟(ji)的(de)(de)所(suo)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)是25—125微(wei)米。鉆孔速度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)10000孔/分。可采(cai)用(yong)直(zhi)接激光(guang)沖孔工藝方法,孔徑(jing)(jing)Z大50微(wei)米。其(qi)成(cheng)型的(de)(de)孔內表(biao)干(gan)凈無碳化,很容(rong)易進(jin)行電鍍。同樣也可在聚四氟乙烯覆(fu)銅(tong)箔(bo)層(ceng)壓(ya)(ya)板鉆導通(tong)孔,Z小孔徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)25微(wei)米,Z經濟(ji)的(de)(de)所(suo)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)25—125微(wei)米。鉆孔速度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)4500孔/分。不需(xu)預蝕刻出窗口。所(suo)成(cheng)孔很干(gan)凈,不需(xu)要(yao)附加特別的(de)(de)處理工藝要(yao)求(qiu)。
PCB板廠有哪幾種激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鉆孔 激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)是當“射線”受到(dao)外來的(de)(de)刺激(ji)而增加(jia)(jia)能(neng)量(liang)下所激(ji)發的(de)(de)一種強力光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束,其(qi)中紅(hong)外光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)和可見光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)具(ju)有熱(re)能(neng),紫外光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)另具(ju)有光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學能(neng)。此種類(lei)型的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)射到(dao)工件的(de)(de)表面時會發生(sheng)三種現象(xiang)即反射、吸收和穿透。激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鉆孔的(de)(de)主要作用就是能(neng)夠(gou)很快地除去所要加(jia)(jia)工的(de)(de)基板材料,它主要靠光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)燒蝕和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)化學燒蝕或稱(cheng)之謂切除。
商(shang)業(ye)(ye)PCB生(sheng)產中(zhong),有兩(liang)種(zhong)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)技術(shu)可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。CO2激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)波長在(zai)遠(yuan)紅外(wai)線(xian)波段(duan)內(nei),紫(zi)外(wai)線(xian)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)波長在(zai)紫(zi)外(wai)線(xian)波段(duan)內(nei)。CO2激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)廣泛應用(yong)在(zai)印制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)路板的(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)微(wei)(wei)通孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)中(zhong),要求微(wei)(wei)通孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)100μm (Raman , 2001) 。對于(yu)這(zhe)些大孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑(jing)(jing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo), CO2激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)具有很高(gao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產力,這(zhe)是(shi)因為CO2激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)大孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)所需(xu)的(de)(de)沖孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)時(shi)間(jian)非常短。紫(zi)外(wai)線(xian)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)技術(shu)廣泛應用(yong)在(zai)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于(yu)100μm 的(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)中(zhong),隨著微(wei)(wei)縮線(xian)路圖(tu)的(de)(de)使用(yong),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑(jing)(jing)甚至可(ke)小(xiao)于(yu)50μm 。紫(zi)外(wai)線(xian)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)技術(shu)在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于(yu)80μm 的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)時(shi)產量非常高(gao)。因此,為了(le)滿足日益增(zeng)加的(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)生(sheng)產力的(de)(de)需(xu)求,許多PCB制(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)已經開始引入雙(shuang)頭(tou)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統。
掃(sao)一掃(sao)立即咨詢